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Understanding the Science: How Does Laser Hair Removal Work?

Writer's picture: Virginija M.Virginija M.

Soprano Titanium laser hair removal system


Laser hair removal has become one of the most sought-after aesthetic treatments for those looking for a long-term solution to unwanted hair. Unlike traditional methods like waxing or shaving, laser hair removal offers a scientifically backed approach to reducing hair growth over time.

As technology advances, the demand for more effective and comfortable laser treatments has grown, leading to innovations in medical-grade laser devices.

But how exactly does laser hair removal work? And why do some treatments work better than others? In this article, we'll dive into the science behind laser hair removal, explaining how it interacts with your hair follicles, what factors influence its effectiveness, and why choosing the right provider is crucial for optimal results.


 

The Science Behind Hair Growth

To understand how laser hair removal works, it's essential to first understand how hair grows. Hair goes through a cycle of different phases, which impacts the effectiveness of hair removal treatments.

The Hair Growth Cycle

  1. Anagen (Growth Phase): This is the active phase where the hair is connected to the follicle, and melanin (the pigment in hair) is abundant. 85-90% of hair follicles are in this phase, making it the most crucial stage for laser hair removal effectiveness.

  2. Catagen (Transitional Phase): The hair stops growing and detaches from te follicle. ~5% are in this phase.

  3. Telogen (Resting Phase): The hair follicle is inactive, and old hairs shed before new ones grow. ~10-15% of hair follicles are in this inactive stage before shedding.

Percentage of hair in each growth phase

Since laser hair removal only works during the anagen phase, multiple sessions are required to target all hairs at the right stage.

The Role of Melanin

Melanin, the pigment responsible for hair colour, plays a key role in laser hair removal. The laser is designed to target melanin within the hair follicle, absorbing light energy and converting it into heat.

This process selectively damages the follicle, preventing or delaying future hair growth. The more melanin a hair follicle contains, the more effective the laser treatment will be. Next section covers it in more detail.


 

How Laser Hair Removal Works at a Cellular Level

Laser hair removal is based on a scientific principle called Selective Photothermolysis—which sounds fancy but basically means using light (photo) to generate heat (thermo) to destroy targeted tissue without damaging the surrounding area.

Step-by-Step Breakdown

  1. Absorption: The laser emits a concentrated beam of light that is absorbed by the melanin in the hair.

  2. Heat Damage: The absorbed light is converted into heat, reaching up to 70°C inside the follicle, where it damages the root while leaving the surrounding skin unharmed.

  3. Follicle Disruption: Over time, repeated treatments cause the follicles to become weaker, reducing the hair's ability to grow back.

  4. Skin Safety: Advanced cooling systems and precise energy delivery ensure that only the follicle is affected, protecting the surrounding skin tissue.


 

Factors Influencing Laser Hair Removal Effectiveness


While laser hair removal is highly effective, several factors influence its success.


Hair and Skin Type


The effectiveness of laser hair removal depends on skin and hair type. The Fitzpatrick Scale classifies skin into six types based on melanin levels, with lighter skin and darker hair being the most responsive to treatment.


However, advancements in technology now allow effective treatments for darker skin tones by using different laser wavelengths.


Laser Wavelengths


Different wavelengths target hair follicles at varying depths:


  • Alexandrite (755 nm): Best for fair to light skin tones.

  • Diode (810 nm): Versatile, effective for a range of skin tones.

  • Nd:YAG (1064 nm): Ideal for darker skin tones as it penetrates deeper without overheating the skin’s surface.


Advanced lasers (like Soprano Titanium, which we use at Cells Aesthetics) can treat all skin tones, including darker skin types, by using Alexandrite, Diode and Nd:YAG laser wavelengths.


Hormonal Influences on Hair Growth


Conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or hormonal imbalances can cause excessive hair growth, requiring more sessions for optimal results.


Treatment Intervals: Why You Need Multiple Sessions


Since only actively growing hairs can be effectively treated, 6–8 sessions spaced 4–6 weeks apart are typically needed to achieve long-term hair reduction.


 

Understanding the Safety of Laser Hair Removal


Laser hair removal is a safe and effective procedure when performed with medical-grade equipment and by trained professionals.


Importance of Medical-Grade Lasers


Using FDA-approved, medical-grade lasers significantly reduces risks compared to at-home devices or non-specialist providers. Medical-grade lasers are designed to deliver consistent energy levels tailored to different skin and hair types, ensuring optimal efficacy while minimising potential side effects.


Key Benefits of Medical-Grade Lasers:


  • Higher Precision: These lasers target hair follicles more accurately, reducing the risk of skin irritation or burns.

  • Stronger Energy Output: Compared to over-the-counter or at-home devices, medical-grade lasers penetrate deeper into the skin, making treatments more effective for a broader range of skin tones and hair types.

  • Customisable Settings: Advanced laser systems allow specialists to adjust energy levels, pulse duration, and wavelength to match individual skin and hair characteristics, ensuring maximum results with minimal discomfort.

  • Reduced Side Effects: Due to precise energy calibration and built-in cooling mechanisms, medical-grade lasers are safer for sensitive skin and help prevent post-treatment complications such as hyperpigmentation.


Choosing a clinic that uses medical grade laser technology ensures that treatments are both effective and safe, providing a superior alternative to DIY laser devices.


Cooling Mechanisms for Comfort and Safety


Advanced laser systems incorporate cooling mechanisms to protect the skin and enhance comfort during the procedure. Cooling is essential to counteract the heat generated by the laser, reducing discomfort and minimising the risk of burns or irritation.


Some of the most advanced cooling methods used in modern laser hair removal systems include:


  • Contact Cooling: A cooling plate or tip that maintains skin temperature throughout the treatment, ensuring constant protection from excessive heat.

  • Cryogen Spray Cooling: A brief, controlled spray of cryogenic coolant is applied to the skin milliseconds before the laser pulse, providing instant cooling and reducing discomfort.

  • Air Cooling Systems: High-speed cold air is blown onto the skin before, during, and after the laser pulse, increasing comfort levels for sensitive areas.

  • ICE™ Technology: Found in advanced systems like Soprano Titanium, ICE™ technology pre-cools the skin, creating a numbing effect that allows for virtually painless treatments.


These cooling mechanisms not only improve comfort but also make laser hair removal more accessible for individuals with sensitive skin or those prone to irritation. By minimising thermal damage to surrounding tissues, modern cooling systems ensure safer and more effective treatments.


 

The Future of Laser Hair Removal: Advances in Technology


Laser hair removal has come a long way from the older machines that could be quite painful and slow. Some of the latest advancements include:


  • ICE Technology: Ensures the skin remains cool during treatment, minimising discomfort.

  • Faster Treatment Times: Modern lasers can treat larger areas in shorter sessions.

  • Pain-Free Experience: Innovations like Soprano Titanium’s SHR (Super Hair Removal) mode provide virtually pain-free treatments by delivering energy in a gradual, comfortable manner.

  • Improved Efficacy for All Skin Types: Newer lasers incorporate a combination of Alexandrite, Diode, and Nd:YAG wavelengths to treat a broader range of skin tones safely.

  • Enhanced Precision: Advanced technology allows for better targeting of individual follicles while reducing the likelihood of skin irritation.

  • Increased Safety Features: State-of-the-art sensors now automatically adjust energy levels based on skin response, reducing the risk of burns or hyperpigmentation.


With these advancements, laser hair removal has never been more effective, comfortable, and accessible for a diverse range of individuals.


 

Cells Aesthetics Experience


Now that you understand the science behind laser hair removal, the next step is choosing a provider who prioritises both safety and effectiveness. At Cells Aesthetics, we ensure that each client receives a tailored experience, from consultation to post-treatment care.


The Cells Aesthetics experience begins with an in-depth consultation, where we assess your skin type, hair type, and individual needs. We craft a personalised treatment plan designed for optimal results with minimal discomfort. Using the advanced Soprano Titanium laser, we offer a virtually pain-free treatment with superior efficacy across all skin tones. Our holistic approach to skincare ensures that laser treatments integrate seamlessly with your overall skin health, helping to maintain a radiant, smooth complexion.


At Cells Aesthetics, we believe in delivering results backed by science and cutting-edge technology. If you’re ready to experience the benefits of professional laser hair removal, book a consultation today and start your journey towards long-term smoothness and confidence.

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